Sistem Komunikasi Indonesia

Sistem Komunikasi Indonesia
By Suryanto, S. Sos, M.Si --teach of STIK Semarang.

Communication Definition
There are various definitions of communication by the experts. Menurut Carl I Hovland; "communications a process by which an individual (communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal symbols) to modify the behavior of other individuals (communicates). While Harold D Laswell, communication is who says what in which channel to whom with what effect. And according to Everett M Rogers & Floyd F Shoemaker, communication is defined as follows; communications as process by which massages are transferred from source to receiver. We might think of the communication process in term of the over simplified but usefull S-M-C-R-E models. A source (S) send, a massages (M) via certain Channel (C) to receiver indivivual (R) and E (Effect).

What it's System?
For Redi Panuju, the system is a structure consisting of a choice based on its function, the individuals who form a unified whole support. Each individual in the system are interdependent and mutually determine. Meanwhile, according to Tatang M Amirin, the system is a set of elements that make up the scheme or activity, or reach an, or some purpose and this is done by processing data and / or energy, and / or goods or things in a certain period in order to produce information and or energy and / or goods or objects.

In this sense free, the system is an entity formed or organized or composed of elements, components, parts, subsystems, where each other are connected, related, influence each other, and functionally to form a unity or totality, whole.

The Communication of System
Communication system is a group of guidelines and conducting media processing, storing, pouring ideas / ideas, symbols, symbol, a message in making decisions to reach an agreement and mutual understanding with each other by processing the message it becomes a source of information.

The concept of communication systems of Indonesia, according to Anwar Arifin is the concept that communication is a multi-meanings, which can be categorized into:
1. communication as a social process; various studies conducted to examine the
communication as a social process.
a. Harold D. Lasswell examine the problem of identification symbol and image of the
effects of propaganda in World War II.
b. Kurt Lewin, review function of communication in informal social groups
(gatekeepers) conducted by the autocratic leader, democratic, and pressure
groups, and individual members of the group.
c. Carl I Hovlan, using the experimental method and source credibility relationship
persuasion effects (attitude change)
d. Paul Lazarfeld, reveals the relationship between socioeconomic status and
exposure to mass media and interpersonal influence on how the knowledge,
attitudes and behavior.
2. communication as an event
Communication events can be classified in a variety of criteria, such as forms of communication (face to face, verbal / non verbal, personal, using the media, etc.). Location / scope of communication (regional, cross-cultural, national, international). Level of communication (interpersonal, group / organization, mass communications), and so on.
3. communication as a science (philosophy of science)
In the structure of science, including aspects of communication:
a. ontological, discusses the basic nature of science and its branches (natural
sciences, social sciences, humanities)
b. epistemology, discusses the origins and development of science.
c. aksiologi, discussing the ethics of science and its applications.
4. communication as a profession
In line with the development of science and technology and media, communication opportunities and professional expertise. This is consistent with the mass communication functions expressed Laswell; as social control, social correlations, socialization, and Charles Wright added to the entertainment functions.

Indonesia Communication System Framework
Indonesia has a communication system which is communication patterns and the normative ideal is happening in Indonesia and refers to the values, norms, and laws that define how that communication should be lived or happened. Indonesia communication system has a descriptive meaning of the actual communication phenomenon (is happening), factual (or empirical facts actually happened).

Conclusion: from the description above, it can be concluded that the Indonesian communications systems led to systems of mass communication (the press system), both print and electronic media.

Press System
The press system is the communication subsystem (personal communication, groups, organizations, mass communication). Although there are only three elements in mass communication, namely: communicator (owners of capital and [the media manager), audience / audience (readers, viewers, listeners) and regulatory (government, state, political system). But many groups, components, related parties to the existence or the existence of the mass media or the press. Attraction interests among various groups, will greatly affect the life of the press at large, among others:
a. government = (The governments concerned to make policy, national law)
b. media owner = (profit oriented)
c. dominant class = (power)
d. mass communicator = (work for satisfaction)
e. media company = (Media management)
f. media audience = (source of information, culture, uses)
g. subordinate class = (control of change)

Examples:
Capital or Media Owner domination.
Mass communication is the implications of technological determinism, which considers the community's success is determined by the success of developing the technology.
Technological developments, according to Mc. Luhan is "medium is the massage", the people choose the media not because of the information, but also the media itself. As a result, there seizure audience, in many ways. ***001722***